initialization
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Reindl David (IT-PTR-CEN2-SL10) committed
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<?php
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declare(strict_types=1);
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/**
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* PHP fallback implementation for pwgen logic (pronounceable passwords).
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*
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* Based on NIST FIPS 181 "Automated Password Generator" standard
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* and inspired by roderik/pwgen-php (https://github.com/roderik/pwgen-php)
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*
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* Original pwgen concept:
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* Copyright (c) 2001 Theodore Ts'o <tytso@alum.mit.edu>
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*
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* PHP implementation credits:
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* Copyright (c) 2012 Roderik van der Veer
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* BSD License (see https://github.com/roderik/pwgen-php/blob/master/LICENSE)
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* Original source: https://github.com/roderik/pwgen-php
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*
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* Modernized for PHP 8+ by Password Generator Project, 2025.
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* This class provides a fallback for pwgen-style password generation when
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* the native pwgen executable is not available.
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*
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* Based on NIST FIPS 181 - Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 181
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* "Automated Password Generator" (1993)
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*/
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class PwGenPhpNg
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{
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// Character classification flags (based on NIST FIPS 181)
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private const VOWEL = 0x01;
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private const CONSONANT = 0x02;
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private const DIPHTHONG = 0x04;
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private const NOT_FIRST = 0x08;
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// Unit definitions with pronunciability rules
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private array $elements = [
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'a' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL, 'weight' => 4],
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'ae' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'ah' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'ai' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'b' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'c' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'ch' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'd' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'e' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL, 'weight' => 4],
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'ee' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'ei' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'f' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'g' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'gh' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT | self::DIPHTHONG | self::NOT_FIRST, 'weight' => 1],
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'h' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'i' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL, 'weight' => 4],
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'ie' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'j' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 1],
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'k' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'l' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'm' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'n' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'ng' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT | self::DIPHTHONG | self::NOT_FIRST, 'weight' => 1],
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'o' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL, 'weight' => 4],
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'oh' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'oo' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'p' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'ph' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'qu' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'r' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'rh' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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's' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'sh' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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't' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'th' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'u' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL, 'weight' => 4],
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'v' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 1],
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'w' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 2],
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'wh' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT | self::DIPHTHONG, 'weight' => 1],
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'x' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT | self::NOT_FIRST, 'weight' => 1],
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'y' => ['flags' => self::VOWEL, 'weight' => 2],
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'z' => ['flags' => self::CONSONANT, 'weight' => 1],
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];
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private array $vowels = [];
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private array $consonants = [];
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public function __construct()
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{
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$this->initializePhonemes();
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}
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/**
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* Initialize phoneme arrays based on element classification
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*/
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private function initializePhonemes(): void
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{
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foreach ($this->elements as $phoneme => $properties) {
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if ($properties['flags'] & self::VOWEL) {
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for ($i = 0; $i < $properties['weight']; $i++) {
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$this->vowels[] = $phoneme;
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}
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}
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if ($properties['flags'] & self::CONSONANT) {
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for ($i = 0; $i < $properties['weight']; $i++) {
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$this->consonants[] = $phoneme;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/**
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* Generate pronounceable passwords using pwgen logic
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*
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* @param int $length Minimum length of password
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* @param int $count Number of passwords to generate
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* @param bool $includeNumbers Include numbers in passwords
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* @param bool $includeCapitals Include capital letters
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* @return array Array of generated passwords
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*/
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public function generate(int $length = 8, int $count = 1, bool $includeNumbers = true, bool $includeCapitals = true): array
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{
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if ($length < 4) {
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$length = 4; // Minimum for pronounceable passwords
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}
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$passwords = [];
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for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
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$password = $this->generatePassword($length, $includeNumbers, $includeCapitals);
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$passwords[] = $password;
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}
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return $passwords;
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}
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/**
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* Generate a single pronounceable password
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*/
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private function generatePassword(int $length, bool $includeNumbers, bool $includeCapitals): string
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{
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$password = '';
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$currentLength = 0;
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$lastWasVowel = false;
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$syllableLength = 0;
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$maxAttempts = 100;
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$attempts = 0;
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while ($currentLength < $length && $attempts < $maxAttempts) {
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$attempts++;
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// Start new syllable with consonant, then alternate
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if ($syllableLength === 0 || ($syllableLength > 0 && $lastWasVowel)) {
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// Choose consonant
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$phoneme = $this->selectConsonant($currentLength === 0);
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$lastWasVowel = false;
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} else {
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// Choose vowel
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$phoneme = $this->selectVowel();
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$lastWasVowel = true;
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}
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// Check if adding this phoneme exceeds length
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if ($currentLength + strlen($phoneme) > $length) {
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// Try to find a shorter phoneme or end the password
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if ($lastWasVowel) {
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$phoneme = $this->selectVowel(1); // Single character vowel
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} else {
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$phoneme = $this->selectConsonant(false, 1); // Single character consonant
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}
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if ($currentLength + strlen($phoneme) > $length) {
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break; // Can't fit anything more
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}
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}
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$password .= $phoneme;
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$currentLength += strlen($phoneme);
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$syllableLength++;
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// End syllable after 2-4 phonemes
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if ($syllableLength >= 2 && random_int(0, 2) === 0) {
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$syllableLength = 0;
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$lastWasVowel = false;
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}
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}
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// Apply post-processing
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if ($includeCapitals) {
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$password = $this->addCapitalization($password);
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}
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if ($includeNumbers && strlen($password) < $length) {
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$password = $this->addNumbers($password, $length);
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}
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return $password;
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}
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/**
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* Select a consonant phoneme
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*/
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private function selectConsonant(bool $isFirst = false, int $maxLength = PHP_INT_MAX): string
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{
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$candidates = [];
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foreach ($this->consonants as $consonant) {
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$element = $this->elements[$consonant];
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// Skip if not allowed at beginning
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if ($isFirst && ($element['flags'] & self::NOT_FIRST)) {
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continue;
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}
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// Skip if too long
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if (strlen($consonant) > $maxLength) {
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continue;
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}
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$candidates[] = $consonant;
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}
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if (empty($candidates)) {
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return 'b'; // Fallback
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}
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return $candidates[random_int(0, count($candidates) - 1)];
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}
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/**
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* Select a vowel phoneme
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*/
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private function selectVowel(int $maxLength = PHP_INT_MAX): string
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{
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$candidates = [];
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foreach ($this->vowels as $vowel) {
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if (strlen($vowel) <= $maxLength) {
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$candidates[] = $vowel;
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}
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}
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if (empty($candidates)) {
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return 'a'; // Fallback
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}
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return $candidates[random_int(0, count($candidates) - 1)];
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}
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/**
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* Add capitalization to password (typically first letter)
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*/
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private function addCapitalization(string $password): string
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{
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if (strlen($password) === 0) {
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return $password;
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}
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// Capitalize first letter
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return ucfirst(strtolower($password));
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}
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/**
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* Add numbers to password if there's remaining length
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*/
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private function addNumbers(string $password, int $targetLength): string
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{
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$remaining = $targetLength - strlen($password);
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if ($remaining <= 0) {
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return $password;
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}
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// Add 1-2 numbers
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$numbersToAdd = min($remaining, random_int(1, 2));
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for ($i = 0; $i < $numbersToAdd; $i++) {
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$password .= (string)random_int(0, 9);
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}
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return $password;
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}
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/**
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* Check if a password meets basic pronounceability rules
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*/
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public function isPronounceablePassword(string $password): bool
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{
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if (strlen($password) < 3) {
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return false;
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}
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$vowelCount = 0;
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$consonantCount = 0;
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// Simple heuristic: check for reasonable vowel/consonant distribution
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for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($password); $i++) {
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$char = strtolower($password[$i]);
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if (in_array($char, ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'y'])) {
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$vowelCount++;
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} elseif (ctype_alpha($char)) {
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$consonantCount++;
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}
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}
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// Must have at least one vowel and one consonant
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// And vowels shouldn't be more than 60% of letters
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$totalLetters = $vowelCount + $consonantCount;
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return $vowelCount >= 1 && $consonantCount >= 1 &&
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($totalLetters === 0 || $vowelCount / $totalLetters <= 0.6);
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}
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/**
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* Get available phoneme elements (for debugging/inspection)
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*/
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public function getPhonemeCount(): array
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{
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return [
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'vowels' => count(array_unique($this->vowels)),
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'consonants' => count(array_unique($this->consonants)),
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'total_elements' => count($this->elements)
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];
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}
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}
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